다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
The emphasis on learning from the ingroup takes little account of individuals. Amazingly, while we may dislike some of the people in our ingroup, we still copy them. Wilks, Kirby, and Nielsen studied copying behavior in the context of observing how to open a puzzle box. Ingroups and outgroups were distinguished in a minimal way, using simple color coding of wristbands. The children did not simply like all members of their ingroup; they disliked those who behaved in an antisocial fashion. Indeed, they liked these antisocial ingroup members less than the prosocial members of an outgroup. Still, their dislike did not affect their tendency to copy ingroup behavior more closely than outgroup behavior. This overimitation reveals that we are not copying in order to learn how to open a box most efficiently. We want to learn how to do it in the proper way — in other words, _________________________________. This will be appropriately demonstrated even by antisocial ingroup members.
① avoiding the negative feedback from the outgroup
② learning the most efficient survival skills available
③ conforming to the rules and conventions of the ingroup
④ distinguishing ourselves from antisocial group members
⑤ expressing our personal preference for the individuals
[정답 및 해설]
- 정답: ③
- 해설: 이 글의 핵심 주제입니다. 우리는 효율성이나 개인적인 호감도 때문에 내집단(ingroup)을 모방하는 것이 아니라, 내집단이 정한 '올바른 방식', 즉 '규칙과 관습에 순응하기 위해(conforming to the rules and conventions of the ingroup)' 모방한다는 내용이 들어가야 완벽합니다.
글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오.
Still, their dislike did not affect their tendency to copy ingroup behavior more closely than outgroup behavior.
The emphasis on learning from the ingroup takes little account of individuals. Amazingly, while we may dislike some of the people in our ingroup, we still copy them. ( ① ) Wilks, Kirby, and Nielsen studied copying behavior in the context of observing how to open a puzzle box. ( ② ) Ingroups and outgroups were distinguished in a minimal way, using simple color coding of wristbands. ( ③ ) The children did not simply like all members of their ingroup; they disliked those who behaved in an antisocial fashion. ( ④ ) Indeed, they liked these antisocial ingroup members less than the prosocial members of an outgroup. ( ⑤ ) This overimitation reveals that we are not copying in order to learn how to open a box most efficiently. We want to learn how to do it in the proper way — in other words, conforming to the rules and conventions of the ingroup. This will be appropriately demonstrated even by antisocial ingroup members.
[정답 및 해설]
- 정답: ⑤
- 해설: 주어진 문장은 "그럼에도 불구하고(Still), 그들의 반감이 내집단의 행동을 더 똑같이 모방하려는 경향에 영향을 미치지 않았다"는 내용입니다. 따라서 아이들이 반사회적인 내집단 구성원을 외집단 구성원보다 더 싫어했다는 내용(④번 뒷문장) 바로 다음에 와야 하며, 주어진 문장 속의 모방 경향이 다음 문장의 'This overimitation(이러한 과잉 모방)'으로 자연스럽게 이어집니다.
주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
The emphasis on learning from the ingroup takes little account of individuals. Amazingly, while we may dislike some of the people in our ingroup, we still copy them. Wilks, Kirby, and Nielsen studied copying behavior in the context of observing how to open a puzzle box. Ingroups and outgroups were distinguished in a minimal way, using simple color coding of wristbands.
(A) This overimitation reveals that we are not copying in order to learn how to open a box most efficiently. We want to learn how to do it in the proper way — in other words, conforming to the rules and conventions of the ingroup. This will be appropriately demonstrated even by antisocial ingroup members.
(B) Still, their dislike did not affect their tendency to copy ingroup behavior more closely than outgroup behavior.
(C) The children did not simply like all members of their ingroup; they disliked those who behaved in an antisocial fashion. Indeed, they liked these antisocial ingroup members less than the prosocial members of an outgroup.
① (A) - (C) - (B) ② (B) - (A) - (C) ③ (B) - (C) - (A) ④ (C) - (A) - (B) ⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)
[정답 및 해설]
- 정답: ⑤
- 해설: 실험 세팅(팔찌 색깔로 구분)을 설명한 주어진 글 뒤에 ➔ (C) 아이들의 호감도(내집단이라고 다 좋아하는 건 아님) ➔ (B) 그럼에도 불구하고(Still) 싫어하는 내집단을 더 모방함 ➔ (A) 이러한 과잉 모방(This overimitation)의 진짜 이유(규칙에 순응) 순으로 이어지는 것이 논리적입니다.
다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?
The emphasis on learning from the ingroup takes ① little account of individuals. Amazingly, while we may dislike some of the people in our ingroup, we still copy them. Wilks, Kirby, and Nielsen studied copying behavior in the context of observing how to open a puzzle box. Ingroups and outgroups were distinguished in a ② minimal way, using simple color coding of wristbands. The children did not simply like all members of their ingroup; they disliked those who behaved in an antisocial fashion. Indeed, they liked these antisocial ingroup members ③ less than the prosocial members of an outgroup. Still, their dislike did not affect their tendency to copy ingroup behavior ④ less closely than outgroup behavior. This overimitation reveals that we are not copying in order to learn how to open a box most efficiently. We want to learn how to do it in the ⑤ proper way — in other words, conforming to the rules and conventions of the ingroup. This will be appropriately demonstrated even by antisocial ingroup members.
[정답 및 해설]
- 정답: ④ less
- 해설: 이 글의 핵심은 싫어하는 내집단일지라도 외집단보다 '더(more)' 똑같이 모방한다는 것입니다. 따라서 less를 more로 고쳐야 문맥에 맞습니다.
다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?
The emphasis on learning from the ingroup ① takes little account of individuals. Amazingly, while we may dislike some of the people in our ingroup, we still copy them. Wilks, Kirby, and Nielsen studied copying behavior in the context of observing how to open a puzzle box. Ingroups and outgroups were distinguished in a minimal way, ② using simple color coding of wristbands. The children did not simply like all members of their ingroup; they disliked those ③ which behaved in an antisocial fashion. Indeed, they liked these antisocial ingroup members less than the prosocial members of an outgroup. Still, their dislike did not affect their tendency ④ to copy ingroup behavior more closely than outgroup behavior. This overimitation reveals that we are not copying in order to learn how to open a box most ⑤ efficiently. We want to learn how to do it in the proper way — in other words, conforming to the rules and conventions of the ingroup. This will be appropriately demonstrated even by antisocial ingroup members.
[정답 및 해설]
- 정답: ③ which
- 해설: '반사회적인 방식으로 행동했던 사람들'을 지칭해야 하므로, 사람을 가리키는 대명사 those 뒤에 주격 관계대명사 who가 와야 합니다. (those who ~ : ~하는 사람들)
다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
The emphasis on learning from the ingroup takes little account of individuals. Amazingly, while we may dislike some of the people in our ingroup, we still copy them. Wilks, Kirby, and Nielsen studied copying behavior in the context of observing how to open a puzzle box. Ingroups and outgroups were distinguished in a minimal way, using simple color coding of wristbands. The children did not simply like all members of their ingroup; they disliked those who behaved in an antisocial fashion. Indeed, they liked these antisocial ingroup members less than the prosocial members of an outgroup. Still, their dislike did not affect their tendency to copy ingroup behavior more closely than outgroup behavior. This overimitation reveals that we are not copying in order to learn how to open a box most efficiently. We want to learn how to do it in the proper way — in other words, conforming to the rules and conventions of the ingroup. This will be appropriately demonstrated even by antisocial ingroup members.
① How Puzzle Boxes Improve Children's Cognitive Skills
② Why Do We Prefer Prosocial Behavior Over Antisocial Behavior?
③ The Secret of Learning Efficiently from Outgroup Members
④ Overimitation: A Way to Conform to Ingroup Conventions
⑤ The Danger of Losing Individuality in Modern Society
[정답 및 해설]
- 정답: ④
- 해설: 내집단 구성원을 과잉 모방(Overimitation)하는 이유는 호감도나 효율성 때문이 아니라 내집단의 관습에 순응(Conform to Ingroup Conventions)하기 위함이라는 내용이므로 ④번이 제목으로 가장 적절합니다.
다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?
The emphasis on learning from the ingroup takes little account of individuals. Amazingly, while we may dislike some of the people in our ingroup, we still copy them. ( ① ) Wilks, Kirby, and Nielsen studied copying behavior in the context of observing how to open a puzzle box, where ingroups and outgroups were distinguished in a minimal way. ( ② ) The children did not simply like all members of their ingroup; they disliked those who behaved in an antisocial fashion. ( ③ ) Indeed, they liked these antisocial ingroup members less than the prosocial members of an outgroup. ( ④ ) However, encouraging children to play with diverse puzzle boxes significantly improves their independent problem-solving skills. ( ⑤ ) Still, their dislike did not affect their tendency to copy ingroup behavior more closely than outgroup behavior, revealing that we copy to conform to the rules of the ingroup.
[정답 및 해설]
- 정답: ④ (원문 기준 변형된 삽입 문장)
- 해설: 이 글은 내집단 모방 행동에 대한 심리학적 연구를 다루고 있습니다. 퍼즐 상자는 실험 도구일 뿐인데, ④번 문장은 '퍼즐 상자 놀이가 아이들의 독립적인 문제 해결 능력을 향상시킨다'는 전혀 무관한 교육적 효과를 이야기하고 있으므로 흐름상 어색합니다.
다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
The emphasis on learning from the ingroup takes little account of individuals. Amazingly, while we may dislike some of the people in our ingroup, we still copy them. Wilks, Kirby, and Nielsen studied copying behavior in the context of observing how to open a puzzle box. Ingroups and outgroups were distinguished in a minimal way, using simple color coding of wristbands. The children did not simply like all members of their ingroup; they disliked those who behaved in an antisocial fashion. Indeed, they liked these antisocial ingroup members less than the prosocial members of an outgroup. Still, their dislike did not affect their tendency to copy ingroup behavior more closely than outgroup behavior. This overimitation reveals that we are not copying in order to learn how to open a box most efficiently. We want to learn how to do it in the proper way — in other words, conforming to the rules and conventions of the ingroup. This will be appropriately demonstrated even by antisocial ingroup members.
According to the passage, people tend to imitate their ingroup members' behaviors regardless of their personal (A) ________ towards them, because their primary goal is to (B) ________ the group's rules and conventions.
① (A) feelings / (B) change ② (A) hostility / (B) establish ③ (A) preferences / (B) follow ④ (A) indifference / (B) ignore ⑤ (A) preferences / (B) challenge
[정답 및 해설]
- 정답: ③
- 해설: 우리는 개인적인 **호감도/선호도(preferences)**에 상관없이, 집단의 규칙과 관습을 따르기(follow) 위해 내집단 구성원을 모방한다는 요약문입니다.
다음 글을 읽고, 밑줄 친 This overimitation이 가리키는 구체적인 행동을 본문의 내용을 바탕으로 우리말 40자 이내로 서술하시오.
(지문 생략 - 위 문제들과 동일) ...Indeed, they liked these antisocial ingroup members less than the prosocial members of an outgroup. Still, their dislike did not affect their tendency to copy ingroup behavior more closely than outgroup behavior. This overimitation reveals that we are not copying in order to learn how to open a box most efficiently...
[조건]
- '외집단', '내집단', '모방'이라는 단어를 반드시 포함할 것.
정답:_______________________________________________________________________
[정답 및 해설]
- 정답 (예시): 개인적으로 싫어하는 내집단 구성원일지라도 외집단 구성원보다 그들의 행동을 더 똑같이 모방하는 것.
- 해설: This overimitation(이러한 과잉 모방)은 바로 앞 문장인 "their dislike did not affect their tendency to copy ingroup behavior more closely than outgroup behavior"를 가리킵니다. 이를 조건에 맞게 우리말로 풀어서 쓰면 됩니다.
다음 글을 읽고, 괄호 안의 우리말 뜻에 맞게 주어진 단어들을 올바르게 배열하여 문장을 완성하시오.
(지문 생략 - 위 문제들과 동일) ...This overimitation reveals that we are not copying in order to learn how to open a box most efficiently. We want to learn how to do it in the proper way — in other words, ( 내집단의 규칙과 관습에 순응하는 것 ). This will be appropriately demonstrated even by antisocial ingroup members.
[조건]
- 아래 상자 안의 단어들을 모두 한 번씩만 사용할 것 (단어 추가 및 형태 변형 불가).
- 분사구문(현재분사) 형태로 시작할 것.
[보기] to / conforming / conventions / rules / the / of / ingroup / the / and
정답:___________________________________________________________________________
[정답 및 해설]
- 정답: conforming to the rules and conventions of the ingroup
- 해설: 1. '~에 순응하는 것' ➔ conforming to 2. '규칙과 관습' ➔ the rules and conventions 3. '내집단의' ➔ of the ingroup 이 글의 가장 핵심이 되는 메인 아이디어를 묻는 영작 문제로, 내신에서 서술형으로 가장 출제되기 좋은 포인트입니다.
The emphasis on learning from the ingroup takes little account of individuals. Amazingly, while we may dislike some of the people in our ingroup, we still copy them. Wilks, Kirby, and Nielsen studied copying behavior in the context of observing how to open a puzzle box. Ingroups and outgroups were distinguished in a minimal way, using simple color coding of wristbands. The children did not simply like all members of their ingroup; they disliked those who behaved in an antisocial fashion. Indeed, they liked these antisocial ingroup members less than the prosocial members of an outgroup. Still, their dislike did not affect their tendency to copy ingroup behavior more closely than outgroup behavior. This overimitation reveals that we are not copying in order to learn how to open a box most efficiently. We want to learn how to do it in the proper way — in other words, conforming to the rules and conventions of the ingroup. This will be appropriately demonstrated even by antisocial ingroup members.
지문에서 언급된 아이들이 '외집단의 친사회적 구성원'보다 '내집단의 반사회적 구성원'을 모방하는 이유를 지문의 핵심 단어를 사용하여 우리말로 서술하시오.
정답:___________________________________________________________________________
- 정답: 아이들은 단순히 상자를 여는 효율성을 배우려는 것이 아니라, 내집단의 규칙과 관습에 순응하는 법을 배우고자 하기 때문이다.
The emphasis on learning from the ingroup takes little account of individuals. Amazingly, while we may dislike some of the people in our ingroup, we still copy them. Wilks, Kirby, and Nielsen studied copying behavior in the context of observing how to open a puzzle box. Ingroups and outgroups were distinguished in a minimal way, using simple color coding of wristbands. The children did not simply like all members of their ingroup; they disliked those who behaved in an antisocial fashion. Indeed, they liked these antisocial ingroup members less than the prosocial members of an outgroup. Still, their dislike did not affect their tendency to copy ingroup behavior more closely than outgroup behavior. This overimitation reveals that we are not copying in order to learn how to open a box most efficiently. We want to learn how to do it in the proper way — in other words, conforming to the rules and conventions of the ingroup. This will be appropriately demonstrated even by antisocial ingroup members.
밑줄 친 **"the proper way"**가 이 실험의 맥락에서 의미하는 바가 무엇인지 본문의 내용을 바탕으로 구체적으로 서술하시오.
정답:_________________________________________________________________________
- 정답: 목표를 달성하는 가장 빠른 방법이 아니라, 자신이 속한 내집단에서 통용되고 인정받는 규칙과 관례를 따르는 방식.
The emphasis on learning from the ingroup takes little account of individuals. Amazingly, while we may dislike some of the people in our ingroup, we still copy them. Wilks, Kirby, and Nielsen studied copying behavior in the context of observing how to open a puzzle box. Ingroups and outgroups were distinguished in a minimal way, using simple color coding of wristbands. The children did not simply like all members of their ingroup; they disliked those who behaved in an antisocial fashion. Indeed, they liked these antisocial ingroup members less than the prosocial members of an outgroup. Still, their dislike did not affect their tendency to copy ingroup behavior more closely than outgroup behavior. This overimitation reveals that we are not copying in order to learn how to open a box most efficiently. We want to learn how to do it in the proper way — in other words, conforming to the rules and conventions of the ingroup. This will be appropriately demonstrated even by antisocial ingroup members.
밑줄 친 **"This"**가 가리키는 내용을 지문에서 찾아 우리말로 기술하시오.
정답:_____________________________________________________________
- 정답: 내집단의 규칙과 관습에 순응하는 (올바른) 방식으로 행동하는 법.
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